Background & Aims
Background: Chronic pain (CP) is a leading cause of disability, significantly impacting quality of life and increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases. Recent U.S. data reveals a 6.3% incidence rate for CP, exceeding rates of diabetes, depression, and hypertension. Despite international studies indicating higher mortality in CP populations, equivalent U.S. data is lacking. To address this gap, we conducted an epidemiological investigation using cross-sectional survey data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and National Death Index (NDI). We hypothesized those with CP would experience a higher mortality rate comparatively to those without.
Methods
Methods: The NHIS provided information on demographics, pain reporting, and lifestyle behaviors linked with mortality information from the NDI. Statistical analyses were completed assessing the relationship between CP and mortality, as well as the influence of lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity.
Results
Results: The analysis included 85,187 adults, averaging 51 years of age. 23% reported CP and demonstrated a higher mortality rate (5.71%) compared to those without (2.75%), resulting in 442 excess deaths. Those with CP had 2 times higher odds of being assumed deceased compared to those without. A higher percentage of deaths attributable to heart disease, malignant neoplasms, and chronic lower respiratory diseases occurred in those with CP. Further, those with CP had higher prevalence of current everyday smokers, heavier alcohol consumption, obesity, and inactivity.
Conclusions
Conclusion: CP demonstrates a meaningful influence on mortality outcomes, resulting in excess deaths compared to those without. Given the relationship between CP, lifestyle factors, and mortality, further investigations are needed into causation of CP and prevention strategies. It’s paramount clinicians appropriately assess patients with CP while addressing lifestyle factors to minimize excess deaths in this group.
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