Background & Aims
Masticatory myofascial pain is one of the most common causes of musculoskeletal pain in the orofacial region. Psychosocial factors, such as stress and sleep disorders, can negatively influence this condition, acting as risk factors, contributors, or exacerbators of this clinical condition. The role of sleep disorders in the neurobiology of myofascial jaw pain has not yet been explored, as well as the effects of their association with emotional stress on the pathogenesis of the painful condition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of sleep deprivation, emotional stress, and their association on the nociception of masticatory muscles in rats.
Methods
40 male Wistar rats were subjected to the emotional stress (EE) model in the communication box for 14 days, with daily stress stimulus (1h/day), and to paradoxical sleep deprivation (PS), for 24 hours on the 1st, 4th , 8th and 11th days of the experimental protocol, using the modified multiple platforms method. The animals were divided into 4 experimental groups (n=8/group): control (C); AND IS; PS; and emotional stress associated with sleep deprivation (EEPS). A group of animals were used in the communication box to induce EE. This group was not analyzed for any parameters in this study. Mechanical nociceptive tests, open field test and Y-maze test were performed to investigate hyperalgesia in the masticatory muscles, locomotor and exploratory activities and working memory, respectively. c-Fos expression was evaluated in the trigeminal pathway (GT and Sp5c), thalamus (TAL) and periaqueductal gray (PAG). The cytoplasmic vacuoles in the adrenal glands was analyzed by histomorphometry.
Results
The EE, PS, and EEPS groups exhibited mechanical hyperalgesia from the 8th day onwards in the jaw muscles, and this effect persisted until the 14th day. The EEPS group showed a higher hyperalgesic response on the 8th day. The EE, PS, and EEPS groups demonstrated an increase in c-Fos expression in the trigeminal ganglion (GT) and caudal subnucleus of the trigeminal spinal tract (Sp5c). In the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) and thalamus (TAL), only the EE and EEPS groups showed an increase in c-Fos expression, which did not occur in the PS group. Additionally, there was an increase in exploratory and locomotor activities, a reduction in working memory, and an increase in the concentration of cytoplasmic vacuoles in the adrenal glands (increase of 58.4%, 131.3%, and 105.7%, p<0.05 versus C) in the EE, PS, and EEPS groups. The PS and EEPS groups showed an increase of up to 46% in the concentration of cytoplasmic vacuoles (p<0.05 versus EE).
Conclusions
EE and PS caused hyperalgesia in the masticatory muscles. The association of stress with sleep deprivation exacerbated pain sensitivity and caused anxiety behaviors and changes in the adrenal glands, probably related to neuroendocrine changes caused by stress.
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Presenting Author
Bruno Wesley de Freitas Alves
Poster Authors
Bruno de Freitas Alves
Federal University of Ceará
Lead Author
Jonas Costa França
Federal University of Ceará
Lead Author
Cristiane Maria Pereira da Silva
Federal University of Ceará
Lead Author
Anamaria Falcão Pereira
Federal University of Ceará
Lead Author
Mário Roberto Pontes Lisboa
Federal University of Ceará
Lead Author
Delane Viana Gondim
Federal University of Ceará
Lead Author
Mariana Vale
Federal University of Ceará
Lead Author
Topics
- Mechanisms: Psychosocial and Biopsychosocial