Background & Aims

Giant cell tumor of bone is a rare, aggressive non-cancerous tumor. It generally happens in adults between ages 20 and 40 when skeletal bone growth is complete.
It usually develops near a joint at the end of the bone. The location of a giant cell tumor is often in the knee, but can also involve the bones of the arms and the legs. It can also affect the flat bones, such as the breastbone or pelvis.

Methods

Gaint Cell tumour of bone occurs mainly due to the excessive signaling in the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand RANKL pathway.resulting in abnormal osteoclast production. These abnormal osteoclasts accumulate to form a locally aggressive primary tumour mass. These are mostly benign tumors but they have the capacity to metastasize. This can eventually result in destruction of the bone structure. The goals of treatment are eradication of the tumour, preservation of limb function, prevention of local recurrence and distant metastasis.

Results

Denosumab 120 mg ,a fully human monoclonal antibody, inhibits RANKL signaling pathway . This prevents the excessive formation of abnormal osteoclasts which prevents further proliferation. This reduces the need for surgery and thus declines the chances of amputation.
Denosumab 120 mg successfully improves the tumour conditions in patients with Gaint Cell tumour of Bone.
Patients 37
Drug Dose, 120mg administered subcutaneously every 28 days with loading doses on days 8 and 15.
Result: There was excellent improvement in the tumour size upon administration of Denosumab 120 mg.

Conclusions

A giant cell tumor is a rare, aggressive non-cancerous tumor. It usually develops near a joint at the end of the bone. Most occur in the long bones of the legs and arms.

Giant cell tumors most often occur in young adults when skeletal bone growth is complete.
The exact cause of giant cell tumors remains unknown.
Symptoms may include joint pain, swelling, and limited movement.
Diagnostic tests may include X-rays, biopsy, and bone scans.
The goal for treatment of a giant
cell tumor is to remove the tumor and prevent damage to the affected bone.
Tumors that can’t be removed surgically can often be controlled and sometimes destroyed with radiation therapy.
Giant cell tumors can come back.

References

Sobti et al Gaint Cell tumour of bone _ an overview arch bone jt surh 2016
Pub Med
PMC free article
Turcotte RE, Gaint Cell tumour of bone

Presenting Author

Shariar Ahmed

Poster Authors

SHARIAR AHMED

Lead Author

Topics

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