Does the DAHLIA treatment increase resilience to chronic pain? A series of replicated N-of-1 studies

An iterative approach is used to optimise the treatment, and the present mixed-method data include participants from the first iteration. Participants (i.e., people with chronic pain >3 months) were recruited through clinical settings (e.g., primary/ specialised care) in Region Kalmar and Stockholm. Data were collected using digital diaries, pre-post questionnaires (e.g., Brief Pain Inventory, Psychological inflexibility pain scale), and interviews. To monitor changes in real-time, a single-case experimental design with a 5-10-day baseline (A) and 6-8-week treatment (B) phase was used and participants completed the digital diary twice/daily reporting their level of well-being (sleep, mood, stress, fatigue) and functioning (pain avoidance, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, interference). Diary data were analysed at the individual level using visual analysis and effect size calculations, and inductive coding was applied to the qualitative information.