Background & Aims
Background: Pain and inflammation are common features of various pathological and neurological diseases, affecting individuals’ cognitive abilities. Adenopus breviflorus fruit is a medicinal fruit being used locally as an anticonvulsant and a pain reliever.
Aim: The study was done to determine the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Adenopus breviflorus fruit extract.
Methods
Materials and Methods: Ethanol extract of Adenopus breviflorus fruit (EEAB) was estimated for its anti-nociceptive activity and possible mechanism of action using Naloxone (1mg/kg), Atropine (2mg/kg), Prazosin (1mg/kg), Glibenclamide (10mg/kg), L-NAME (30mg/kg), Yohimbine (2mg/kg), Propanolol (10mg/kg), Haloperidol (1.5mg/kg). The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was evaluated using the carrageenan air pouch model. Exudates from pouch were evaluated for Total Leukocyte, neutrophil and monocyte counts. Also, protein concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite, glutathione (GSH) and catalase activities were estimated. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were estimated via ELISA. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry were done to assess inflammatory levels.
Results
Results: In the nociceptive tests, writhing was significantly reduced by all doses of EEAB in the acetic acid writhing test, while EEAB (200mg/kg) significantly reduced the paw licking time in both early and late phases of the formalin paw licking test. Yohimbine, co-administered with EEAB (200mg/kg) significantly reversed nociception in the acetic acid writhing test. In the air pouch model, EEAB significantly decreased exudate volume, total leukocyte and neutrophil counts. The activities of MDA, nitrite and protein concentration were significantly reduced while GSH and catalase activities significantly increased by EEAB. Also, levels of TNF- ? and IL-6 were inhibited significantly by EEAB. The structural integrity of the skin tissues was preserved by EEAB.
Conclusions
Conclusion. Adenopus breviflorus fruit exhibited anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities by reducing leukocyte migration, lipid peroxidation, and increasing anti-oxidant activities.
References
Onasanwo, S., Saba, A., Oridupa, O., Oyagbemi, A., Owoyele, B. 2011a. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract of Lagenaria breviflora whole fruit in rat and mice. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences 26: 071 – 076.
Riedel, R., Marrassini, C., Anesini, C., Gorzalczany, S. 2015. Anti?Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activity of Urera aurantiaca. Phytotherapy Research 29 (1): 59-66.
Sedgwick, A., Moore, A., Al-Duaij, A., Edwards, J., Willoughby, D. 1985. The immune response to pertussis in the 6-day air pouch: a model of chronic synovitis. British journal of experimental pathology 66: 455-464.
Presenting Author
Samuel Adetunji Onasanwo
Poster Authors
Topics
- Models: Acute Pain